Pyrolysis Recycling Process for Photovoltaic Panels

The core principle of the photovoltaic (PV) panel pyrolysis recycling process line is "mechanical crushing pretreatment + pyrolysis-based debonding and separation + physical coarse and fine sorting."

Mechanical Crushing (Pretreatment): A crusher is used to break down the integrated laminated structure of the PV panels and increase the material's surface area. This facilitates heat transfer to the internal EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) film layer during the subsequent pyrolysis stage, ensuring more thorough debonding and separation.

Pyrolysis-Based Debonding (Core Stage): The crushed material is heated to high temperatures (typically 400°C–700°C). During this process, the organic polymer materials acting as adhesives undergo thermal cracking; hydrocarbons within the EVA film, backsheet, and encapsulation materials react vigorously with oxygen, causing the organic matter to burn off. Glass, silicon wafers, and metals (copper/silver) remain in solid form.

Function: This stage eliminates adhesion, allowing the tightly bonded components—glass, silicon wafers, metal grid lines (silver/copper), and backsheets—to separate and loosen, thereby creating the necessary conditions for subsequent physical sorting.

Physical Sorting: Leveraging differences in physical properties such as density, particle size, and color, the process employs techniques such as vibrating screening, air classification, and photoelectric color sorting to completely separate the silicon wafers, glass, and copper wires/ribbons.

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