Waste lithium battery processing equipment, sustainable recycling solutions for lithium batteries, waste lithium batteries generally include the following components: electrolyte, separator, casing, copper foil (negative electrode), aluminum foil (positive electrode), negative electrode powder, positive electrode powder.
1. Manual stripping: The unqualified single cells disassembled from the battery pack and the partially recycled waste lithium battery cells have plastic outer packaging. Packaging and pile heads, to avoid dioxins from the plastic outer packaging entering the subsequent pyrolysis process. The pollution generated by this process mainly includes S2-1 battery case, waste plastic packaging and pile heads.
2. Crushing: Unqualified battery cells that cannot be used in gradients and recycled waste lithium battery cells are transported to the crusher through the material conveying belt, and the crusher is crushed under nitrogen protection and airtight conditions. Lithium battery diaphragm, positive and negative electrode sheets, and shell monomers are separated, and the particle size of the crushed product is ≤40mm. In order to prevent leakage, volatilization and deterioration of the electrolyte, the crushing operation should maintain an inert gas environment and keep the moisture content below 20ppm. The dust generated during the crushing process and the volatilized electrolyte are sent to the waste gas treatment system through a closed gas circulation system.
3. High-temperature pyrolysis: The crushed material is transported to the pyrolysis furnace through a closed conveying system, and the pyrolysis furnace is heated by electricity. The material is subjected to continuous high-temperature pyrolysis in the furnace, and the separator, electrolyte (substance), organic solvent and other substances in the waste battery are subjected to pyrolysis treatment. The pyrolysis conditions are 500-600°C, nitrogen environment, and the pyrolysis time is 1-1.5h.
4. Screening and sorting: The battery scraps obtained after high temperature pyrolysis include: metal casing, copper particles, aluminum particles, positive and negative electrode materials, etc. The positive and negative powder below 80 mesh is screened out through the closed conveying system to the vibrating screen, and the materials on the screen (metal shell, copper particles, aluminum particles, positive and negative materials, etc.) are sent to the Z-type sorting through the sealed conveying system In the Z-type sorting machine, the heavy metal casing is sorted out through winnowing operation, and then the iron casing and aluminum casing in the metal casing are separated through magnetic separation operation. The remaining copper particles, aluminum particles and pole powder enter the next part to continue separation.
5. Dry separation: Electrode powder is a material with high recycling value in waste batteries. Coated with a small amount of PVDF (non-aqueous sol), CMC (water-soluble adhesive) and other adhesives. After high temperature pyrolysis, although the binder has decomposed, the molecular gap between the electrode powder and the current collector is still small, and the adhesion is strong. There are a large number of copper particles and aluminum particle mixture materials that have not been completely peeled off. The electrode powder is separated from the copper particles and aluminum particles by mechanical friction and dispersing, which can realize the stripping of the copper particles and aluminum particles, and the purity of the electrode powder obtained by the stripping can reach more than 95%. Because the ductility of copper particles and aluminum particles is better than that of ultra-fine powder, the powder can be crushed by friction and dispersion, and the particle size of copper particles and aluminum particles is above 80 mesh.
6. Color sorting: The peeled copper foil and aluminum foil are sent to the color sorting device to separate the copper foil and aluminum foil. This project uses color sorting equipment, which has a high degree of separation and high economic value of the product.
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